1. Przeczytaj tekst. Dobierz właściwy nagłówek (A–F) do każdej części tekstu (4.1.–4.4.).
Wpisz odpowiednią literę w każdą kratkę.
Uwaga: dwa nagłówki zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują do żadnej części tekstu.
A EFFORTS REWARDED
B GOALS TO ACHIEVE
C AT THE TOP OF THE ‘MONSTER’
D AT A CAMPSITE
E RESCUE TEAM
F TROUBLE: PAST AND PRESENT

INSIDE A VOLCANO

4.1.
It takes a full day to climb up the side of the volcano. From the edge, two of the world’s leading
volcano scientists Dario Tedesco and Ken Sims look down into the crater. They want to study this
volcano. It is called Nyiragongo. In the centre of this black rock they see a lake of hot lava.
Even here, the scientists can feel the heat. Seeing the lake is one thing. Hearing it is another.
It roars like a jet plane taking off.
4.2.
The scientists worry about Goma, the city which lies at the base of the volcano. The question is not
if the nearby volcano will erupt, but when. The volcano has erupted twice. In 1977, an eruption broke
the walls of the lava lake. It destroyed everything in its path. In 2002, lava destroyed thousands
of homes in Goma. But both eruptions were small compared with what the volcano might do.
4.3.
Protecting Goma is why the scientists have climbed the volcano. They need to learn as much
as possible about Nyiragongo, take measurements and collect rock and gas samples. What Sims
wants most is a ‘zero-age sample’ – a chunk of fresh, hardened lava from the lake itself. It can help
scientists tell the age of all the rocks they collect and make better predictions about when the
volcano might erupt. Most of the group will stay on top of the volcano, where they have set up
a small camp. Only a few scientists will climb down into the crater.
4.4.
Before getting to work, each team member puts on a gas mask. The lava lake gives off clouds
of poisonous gases. Sims worries about the zero-age sample. Finally, he decides to take the risk.
He keeps climbing. When he reaches forward, a small piece of freshly hardened lava breaks off.
It is shiny and black and hot. He has risked his life but he has got the zero-age sample. It could
be the key to saving Goma.

2. Przeczytaj trzy teksty dotyczące relacji rodzinnych. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą,
zgodną z treścią tekstu. Zakreśl literę A, B albo C.
Tekst 1
LIKE PARENTS LIKE CHILDREN?
Can you inherit from your parents a dislike for a specific
food or taste? Is it a question of genetics or just a matter
of habits? It could be either or both. We develop food likes
and dislikes according to what we eat as children,
that is, the foods our parents prepare for us.
But we can also avoid foods due to genetic factors.
Some families are extremely sensitive to particular flavours.
Bitterness in a food, for example, can be thought mild
or extreme. It depends on our genes. So, you probably
do ’take after your parents,’ but whether it is habit
or genes can be checked only by genetic testing.

5.1. According to the text we
like some food because
A it was served when we
were children.
B our parents taught us how
to prepare it.
C our family all like the same
food.


Tekst 2
SUCH A NICE GIRL
’ The Lucases are a very good sort of girls, I assure you,’
said Mrs Bennet. ’ It is a pity they are not handsome!
Not that I think Charlotte so very plain – but then she
is our particular friend.’
’ She seems a very pleasant young woman.’
’ Oh! dear, yes; but you must own she is very plain. Lady
Lucas herself has often said so, and envied my Jane’s
beauty. I do not like to boast of my own child, but to
be sure, Jane – one does not often see anybody better
looking. It is what everybody says. I do not trust my own
partiality. When she was only fifteen, there was a man
at my brother Gardiner’s in town so much in love with
her that my sister-in-law was sure he would make her
an offer before we came away. But, however, he did not.’
adapted from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

5.2. Mrs Bennet is
A Jane’s mother.
B Charlotte’s sister-in-law.
C lady Lucas’s daughter.

Tekst 3
HOW I BECAME A DJ
I grew up in a small rural town, so you had to really travel
to get into music. My father was a folk musician who
spent much of his time putting up American bluegrass
and folk musicians who were over to play in our area.
I was a little boy when my father first took me to a jazz
record store in nearby Birmingham. My mother also
took me to a lot of alternative events in my youth, like
poetry readings, baroque music concerts, and lots
of theatre. From this background I got into mixing music
in my teens. Especially when my mother bought me
a Yamaha SU10 sampler.

5.3. What influence did his parents
have on the boy’s career as a DJ?
A They wanted him to play jazz.
B They helped develop his
music tastes.
C They tried to discourage him.

3. Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią tekstu. Zakreśl literę A, B, C albo D.
SCIENCE NEEDS TWINS
They have the same piercing eyes. The same hair colour. One may be shy, while the other loves
meeting new people. Discovering why identical twins differ despite having the same DNA could
reveal a great deal about all of us.
Every summer, on the first weekend in August, thousands of twins arrive at Twinsburg, Ohio, a small
town southeast of Cleveland which was named by identical twin brothers nearly two centuries ago.
They come, two by two, for the Twins Days Festival, a three-day marathon of picnics, talent shows
and look-alike contests. It has grown into one of the world’s largest gatherings for twins.
Dave and Don Wolf of Fenton, Michigan, have been regular visitors to the festival for many years.
Like most twins who attend, they enjoy spending time with each other. In fact, during the past
18 years, the 53-year-old lorry drivers, whose identical beards reach down to their chests, have
driven more than four million kilometres together. They listen to the same country gospel stations
on satellite radio, share the same ideas about government, and have the same road diet of
pepperoni, apples and mild cheddar cheese. On their days off they go hunting or fishing together.
It’s a way of life that suits them. ‘Must be a twins thing,’ Don says.
This afternoon at the festival the brothers have stopped by a research tent sponsored by the FBI,
the University of Notre Dame and West Virginia University. Inside the big white tent technicians
are photographing sets of twins with high-resolution cameras, collecting their fingerprints and
scanning their eyes to find out if the latest face-recognition software can tell them apart. ‘Although
identical twins may look the same to you and me, a digital imaging system can spot tiny differences
in freckles, skin pores or the curve of their eyebrows,’ says Patrick Flynn, a computer scientist from
Notre Dame. ‘But so far,’ he says, ‘even the most advanced commercial systems can be cheated by
changes in lighting, facial expressions and other complications, whether imaging twins or others.’
Because their beards cover half of their faces, the Wolf brothers pose a particular challenge.
This seems to amuse them greatly. ‘After they took my picture,’ Dave says, ‘I asked one guy if I went
out and committed a crime and then went home and shaved, would they be able to tell it was me?
He kind of looked at me and said, “Probably not. But don’t go out and commit a crime.” ’

6.1. Twinsburg is the name of
A twin brothers who used to live there.
B a town near Cleveland.
C the Twins Days Festival.
D a three-day marathon for twins in Ohio.

6.2. Which sentence is not true about
the Wolf brothers?
A They have attended the festival once.
B They do the same job.
C Their appearances are identical.
D They have the same likes.
6.3. Scientists are doing research at the festival
because
A they have better lighting conditions there.
B sponsors can attend this event.
C holiday-time is the best time to do it.
D they can compare a lot of different sets
of twins there.
6.4. Researchers can be interested in Dave
and Don Wolf
A when they commit a crime.
B unless they shave their beards off.
C as their faces are not fully visible.
D after they exchange their identities.
6.5. This article helps us to learn
A how researchers gather their data.
B why twins look identical.
C what genes are responsible for
looking the same.
D what makes twins like being together.

4. Przeczytaj tekst, z którego usunięto trzy zdania. Wpisz w luki 7.1.–7.3. litery, którymi oznaczono
brakujące zdania (A–E), tak aby otrzymać logiczny i spójny tekst.
Uwaga: dwa zdania zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują do żadnej luki.

SO LITTLE FOR SO MANY
Water covers 70 percent of Earth’s surface. So why do the people of Marsabit struggle to get enough
of it? The problem is we can’t use most of Earth’s water. Nearly 97 percent is salty or otherwise
undrinkable. Another two percent is locked up in glaciers and ice caps. 7.1. ____ People, plants
and animals all depend on that one percent of fresh water.
Water has been recycled for millions of years. 7.2. ____ There is as much water now as there was
when Earth formed. All living things need water to survive.
Where there’s water, animals can’t be far behind. Water helps them keep cool on hot days. If it is hard
to find, animals must conserve or save water. 7.3. ____ It also saves water by not sweating. How?
A camel can change its body temperature during the hottest part of the day. This keeps it from
overheating. Because it does not need to sweat to cool itself down, it saves water.
You need water, too. You drink it. You use it to bathe, wash and garden. At home, every American
uses an average of 380 litres of fresh water every day. Europeans use about half of that. In the Marsabit
village in Kenya, each person must get by on as little as 19 litres each day!

A With so many demands on our fresh water supply, do we have enough?
B The amount of water on our planet never changes.
C That leaves only one percent.
D A camel can go without drinking water for a long time, sometimes for as long as six months.
E Yet people in places like the Marsabit village struggle to get the water they need.

5. Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny
i gramatycznie poprawny tekst. Zakreśl literę A, B albo C.

EUROPE & ME
Europe & Me is an online lifestyle magazine 8.1. ____ by young Europeans for young Europeans.
Its motto is to ‘make Europe personal’, because Europe is often only identified with politics
and bureaucracy. The founders included eight people 8.2. ____ six different nationalities.
Contributors and readers come from twenty different countries. Within less than three years,
the magazine has published eleven 8.3. ____, reached a European audience of more than
twenty thousand readers, and received funds to organise a workshop for young European
journalists. They hitchhiked all over Europe 8.4. ____ its many faces and built up an online
community. More than one hundred authors 8.5. ____ for the magazine. Editors, authors
and the whole team work together voluntarily for a common goal: to capture the feeling
of the new, transnational lifestyle. They make Europe & Me a platform that allows people
to take the initiative, develop and find like-minded individuals.

8.1.
A created
B read
C bought

8.2.
A at
B in
C of

8.3.
A editions
B editors
C editorials

8.4.
A to change
B to discover
C to invent

8.5.
A has written
B were written
C have written

6. W zdaniach 9.1.–9.5. spośród podanych opcji odpowiedzi (A–C) wybierz tę, która najlepiej oddaje
sens wyróżnionego zdania lub jego fragmentu. Zakreśl literę A, B albo C.
9.1. It’s very kind of you that you let me use your mobile.
A I really appreciate it
B You were right
C It can’t be true
9.2. Excuse me. How long does it take to get to the airport?
A How many stops are there
B How much does it cost
C How much time do we need
9.3. It is almost 8 o’clock in the morning. The lesson is about to start.
A The lesson does not start.
B The lesson is supposed to start soon.
C Sooner or later there will be a lesson.
9.4. I can’t believe that they want us to learn it by heart.
A to start enjoying it
B to memorise it
C to teach it to them
9.5. This scientist says that rabbits are not as intelligent as dogs.
A less intelligent than
B more intelligent than
C equally as intelligent as